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Heinrich Kaan (; February 8, 1816 – May 24, 1893) was a 19th-century physician known for his seminal contributions to early sexology. Different sources identify him as Ruthenian〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archive for Sexology )〕 (an ethnic group living in what is now Belarus and Ukraine) or as Russian.〔 He was the personal physician to the Czar.〔Money and Lamacz 1989:20〕〔Annemarie Leibbrand-Wettley, Werner Leibbrand 1972:425〕 ==''Psychopathia Sexualis''== :''Not to be confused with book of the same name by Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1886) that is considered more influential'' Kaan is primarily known for an early scientific approach to sexology i.e. a scientifically based theoretical study of sex as opposed to earlier fields of erotology—the more practical study of lovemaking.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=The Birth of Sexology )〕 He published his main work ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' in 1844 in Leipzig in Latin.〔Kaan 1844〕 A direct translation of the title is Psychopathies of Sexuality. In this work he reinterpreted the Christian sexual sins as diseases of the mind. Until then, concepts like ''deviation'', ''aberration'', and ''perversion'' were interpreted in a theological context as "false" religious beliefs or heresy.〔 〕 Kaan's novel〔 idea was to turn them into medical concepts, to reinterpret them as mental diseases. Physicians and psychiatrists after him were quick to take up these ideas - a process which collectively is referred to as the ''medicalization of sin'' in cultural history〔 It is also referred to as "degeneracy theory"〔 Kaan's work was within the "onanism literature" tradition〔 of his time. To Kaan, masturbation was at the root of all sexual disorders, deviations and unnatural lusts as it involved extravagant fantasies. He also considered heterosexual intercourse as psychopathological, if it comprised sexual fantasies.〔Weiss 2007, p129, (05_TEIL2-4.pdf )〕 His main goal was to fight such sexual psychopathies, above all masturbation.〔Ehle 2008:8 footnote 17〕 Michel Foucault referred to Kaan's work in his mid-1970s lectures on the discourse of the nature of normality and abnormality. According to Foucault Kaan's work was the first medical text exclusively devoted to the study of sexuality. However, Foucault recognized it as a symptom of a shift in the discourse on sexuality, rather than necessarily an influential work in itself.〔Foucault et al.〕 Scholars have acknowledged Kaan's contributions, relative to those of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Sigmund Freud.〔Sigusch 2002〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heinrich Kaan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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